英美媒體曝出美國(guó)社交媒體臉書(shū)多達(dá)5000萬(wàn)用戶信息“失竊”后，臉書(shū)保護(hù)數(shù)據(jù)的能力和誠(chéng)意受到用戶和政府質(zhì)疑，股票價(jià)格19日大挫，企業(yè)市值縮水370億美元。
扎克伯格發(fā)聲明認(rèn)錯(cuò)
3月22日，臉書(shū)創(chuàng)始人兼CEO馬克·扎克伯格打破沉默，在用戶數(shù)據(jù)泄露丑聞后首次發(fā)聲，并承認(rèn)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)泄露事件負(fù)有責(zé)任。
Zuckerberg has admitted that the social network "made mistakes" that led to millions of Facebook users having their data exploited by a political consultancy.
扎克伯格承認(rèn)臉書(shū)“犯了錯(cuò)誤”，致使上千萬(wàn)用戶數(shù)據(jù)被一家政治咨詢公司利用。
扎克伯格發(fā)表聲明稱：
"We have a responsibility to protect your data, and if we can't then we don't deserve to serve you. I started Facebook, and at the end of the day I'm responsible for what happens on our platform. "
“我們有責(zé)任保護(hù)好用戶數(shù)據(jù)，如果連這都做不到，那么就不配向用戶提供服務(wù)。我創(chuàng)建了臉書(shū)，最終我要對(duì)發(fā)生在這個(gè)平臺(tái)上的事件負(fù)責(zé)?！?/p>
事件梳理
3月17日，美國(guó)《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》和英國(guó)《衛(wèi)報(bào)》發(fā)布報(bào)道，曝光臉書(shū)上5000萬(wàn)用戶信息數(shù)據(jù)被一家名為“劍橋分析”（Cambridge Analytica）的公司泄露。
“劍橋分析”公司分析數(shù)據(jù)、建立模型，以預(yù)測(cè)并影響政治活動(dòng)中公眾的選擇。這家企業(yè)曾經(jīng)受雇于美國(guó)總統(tǒng)唐納德 特朗普的競(jìng)選團(tuán)隊(duì)和推動(dòng)英國(guó)脫離歐洲聯(lián)盟公民投票的“脫歐”陣營(yíng)。
報(bào)道稱，2014年，27萬(wàn)臉書(shū)用戶下載該平臺(tái)上一款個(gè)性分析測(cè)試的應(yīng)用軟件；應(yīng)用軟件開(kāi)發(fā)者、英國(guó)劍橋大學(xué)心理學(xué)教授亞歷山大 科根將這些用戶及其臉書(shū)好友的數(shù)據(jù)賣給“劍橋分析”公司。數(shù)據(jù)包括臉書(shū)用戶檔案信息以及他們“點(diǎn)贊”的內(nèi)容。
Facebook has since changed the amount of data developers can gather in this way, but a whistleblower, Christopher Wylie, says the data of about 50 million people was harvested for Cambridge Analytica before the rules on user consent were tightened up.
此后，臉書(shū)更改了開(kāi)發(fā)者可通過(guò)此種方式獲取數(shù)據(jù)的數(shù)量，但事件披露者克里斯托夫 懷利稱，“劍橋分析”在“用戶同意”規(guī)定收緊之前，就已獲取了約5000萬(wàn)用戶的數(shù)據(jù)。
扎克伯格22日發(fā)聲明稱，2015年，臉書(shū)從《衛(wèi)報(bào)》記者那里獲知，亞歷山大 科根將其應(yīng)用程序所獲取的用戶數(shù)據(jù)共享給了“劍橋分析”。這違背了臉書(shū)關(guān)于開(kāi)發(fā)者在沒(méi)有征得用戶同意的基礎(chǔ)上不得分享數(shù)據(jù)的政策。他表示：
“We immediately banned Kogan's app from our platform, and demanded that Kogan and Cambridge Analytica formally certify that they had deleted all improperly acquired data. They provided these certifications.”
“臉書(shū)立即在其平臺(tái)上禁用科根的應(yīng)用，并要求科根和“劍橋分析”正式證明他們已經(jīng)刪除了所有違規(guī)獲得的用戶數(shù)據(jù)?？聘汀皠蚍治觥碧峁┝讼嚓P(guān)證據(jù)?！?/p>
“Last week, we learned from The Guardian, The New York Timesand Channel 4 that Cambridge Analytica may not have deleted the data as they had certified.”
“上周，我們從《衛(wèi)報(bào)》、《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》和第四頻道了解到，“劍橋分析”或許并沒(méi)有像他們宣稱的那樣刪除數(shù)據(jù)?！?/p>
據(jù)英國(guó)廣播公司22日?qǐng)?bào)道，“劍橋分析”否認(rèn)存在任何違規(guī)操作。
For its part, Cambridge Analytica says it did delete the data when told to by Facebook.
對(duì)此，“劍橋分析”聲稱，他們根據(jù)臉書(shū)的要求刪除了這些數(shù)據(jù)。
臉書(shū)全球用戶超過(guò)20億。涉及如此龐大人群的隱私信息安全，爆料引起廣泛關(guān)注和討論?！皠h除臉書(shū)”19日成為社交媒體“推特”上一大話題標(biāo)簽。政府和評(píng)論人士批評(píng)臉書(shū)無(wú)能，呼吁引入法規(guī)，加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管。
US senators have called on Zuckerberg to testify before Congress about how his company will protect users, while consumer watchdog the US Federal Trade Commission has reportedly opened an investigation into Facebook.
美國(guó)參議院要求扎克伯格到國(guó)會(huì)作證，說(shuō)明臉書(shū)將如何保護(hù)用戶隱私。據(jù)稱，消費(fèi)者監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)美國(guó)聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易委員會(huì)已對(duì)臉書(shū)展開(kāi)調(diào)查。
The head of the European Parliament also said it would investigate to see if the data was misused.
歐洲議會(huì)主席也表示，將調(diào)查泄露數(shù)據(jù)是否被濫用。
The UK's Information Commissioner Elizabeth Denham is attempting to obtain a warrant to search the offices of Cambridge Analytica.
英國(guó)信息專員伊麗莎白 德納姆正在申請(qǐng)對(duì)“劍橋分析”公司辦公地的搜查許可。
臉書(shū)將采取舉措防止用戶數(shù)據(jù)被濫用
扎克伯格在聲明中表示，將從這次事件中吸取教訓(xùn)，進(jìn)一步鞏固平臺(tái)數(shù)據(jù)的安全性，修復(fù)臉書(shū)用戶對(duì)平臺(tái)的信任：
“This was a breach of trust between Kogan, Cambridge Analytica and Facebook. But it was also a breach of trust between Facebook and the people who share their data with us and expect us to protect it. We need to fix that.”
“這次事件破壞了科根、“劍橋分析”和臉書(shū)之間的信任，但同時(shí)也是對(duì)臉書(shū)和所有將個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)分享給我們并認(rèn)為我們能保護(hù)這些數(shù)據(jù)的用戶之間信任的一種傷害。我們需要修復(fù)它。”
“While this specific issue involving Cambridge Analytica should no longer happen with new apps today, that doesn't change what happened in the past. We will learn from this experience to secure our platform further and make our community safer for everyone going forward.”
“盡管此類特殊事件不會(huì)再發(fā)生，但這并不能改變過(guò)去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情，我們將從這次經(jīng)驗(yàn)中吸取教訓(xùn)，進(jìn)一步鞏固平臺(tái)數(shù)據(jù)的安全性，并且在未來(lái)讓我們的社區(qū)變得更安全”
他表示，針對(duì)此次信息泄露事件，臉書(shū)將采取以下措施：
Investigate all Facebook apps that had access to large amounts of information before the platform was changed "to dramatically reduce data access" in 2014
對(duì)2014年臉書(shū)“關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)入口”前，所有臉書(shū)平臺(tái)上可獲取大量數(shù)據(jù)的應(yīng)用程序進(jìn)行調(diào)查
Conduct a full audit of any app with suspicious activity
對(duì)所有存在可疑行為的應(yīng)用進(jìn)行全面審查
Ban any developer that did not agree to a thorough audit
禁止服務(wù)不同意進(jìn)行徹底審查的開(kāi)發(fā)者
Ban developers that had misused personally identifiable information, and "tell everyone affected by those apps"
禁止服務(wù)違規(guī)使用用戶個(gè)人身份信息的開(kāi)發(fā)者，并告知“所有受影響的用戶”。
扎克伯格還承諾，為防范用戶信息被利用，未來(lái)臉書(shū)將采取的措施包括：
Restrict developers' data access "even further" to prevent other kinds of abuse
對(duì)開(kāi)發(fā)者獲取數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行“更嚴(yán)格”的限制，以防止其他形式的濫用
Remove developers' access to a user's data if the user hadn't activated the developer's app for three months
關(guān)閉用戶近3個(gè)月內(nèi)未使用過(guò)的應(yīng)用程序獲得用戶數(shù)據(jù)的權(quán)限
Reduce the data that users give an app when they sign in to just name, profile photo, and email address
減少用戶登陸時(shí)向應(yīng)用程序提供的數(shù)據(jù)信息，只限于用戶的名字、頭像照片和電子郵件地址
Require developers to obtain approval and also sign a contract in order to ask anyone for access to their posts or other private data
要求開(kāi)發(fā)者在詢問(wèn)用戶獲取他們的數(shù)據(jù)和其他私人信息時(shí)，不僅要獲得授權(quán)，還需要簽訂合約
編譯：董靜
審校：yaning
